Multiple sclerosis is mediated by autoimmune T cell responses against components of the myelin basic sheath, for example myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte protein, and phospholipid protein. Stem cell therapy, especially with universal donor mesenchymal stem cells or endometrial regenerative cells, has potent for treatment of this disease, however these therapies are still not implimented on a widespread basis. One treatment of multiple sclerosis that has been successful clinically is glatiramer acetate, which is a polymer of repeating peptides. Its mechanism of action was not really figured out although numerous theories exist. Nevertheless it has helped hundreds of thousands of patients.
In a recent paper (Stern et al. Amino acid copolymer-specific IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells that ameliorate autoimmune diseases in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 1;105(13):5172-6) immunological mechanisms of glatiramer acetate were examined in detail............
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MSRC: MS Research News : New Discoveries : Antibodies, B Cells,T-Cell Activation and Immune Response
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